Top Quark Structure

Structure: Core + Quadruple Nested Cages

• Central +qCP: Base charge +1. Forms the quark core.
• Spin eDP (Helical): Inner +eCP (+1) oscillates radially while orbiting, outer -eCP (-1) stable orbit. Provides 1/2 h-bar spin.
• No Extra hDP: Up-type quarks have only the spin eDP, no additional hybrid dipole pair.
• Four Nested Cages: Tetrahedral (4v) + Icosahedral (12v) + Dodecahedral (20v) + Fullerene (60v) = 96 eDP pairs.

Extreme Mass from Quadruple Cage Architecture

The top quark is the heaviest known elementary particle at 172.76 GeV - approximately 185x the proton mass. This extraordinary mass arises from four nested geometric cages creating massive PSR chaining networks. The fullerene (C60-like) outermost cage alone contributes 60 eDP pairs, while the combined 96 cage vertices generate approximately 78,000x more mass than the bare up quark. The top quark decays before hadronization (lifetime ~5×10⁻²⁵ s), making it unique among quarks.