Charm Quark Structure

Second-Generation Up-Type | Mass: ~1.27 GeV/c² | Charge: +2/3 e
Dual Cage Structure: The charm quark has a central +qCP surrounded by two nested hybrid cages: an inner tetrahedral cage (4 vertices) and an outer icosahedral cage (12 vertices), with a polarized qDP cloud (negative poles inward) and an orbiting emDP system outside both cages providing 1/2 ℏ spin through ZBW motion. Two cage layers distinguish it from first-gen quarks.

Charm vs Strange: Generational Structure

Charm (c): +qCP center, 2 cages (tetra+icosa), ~1.27 GeV, - inward cloud, up-type

Strange (s): -qCP center, 1 cage (tetra only), ~95 MeV, + inward cloud, down-type

Mass Ratio: Charm is ~13× heavier due to additional icosahedral cage layer

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3D Structure View

Cross-Section

emDP Spin (ZBW)

Real-Time Measurements

CENTRAL CHARGE
+qCP (up-type)
TETRAHEDRAL CAGE
r = 0.30
ICOSAHEDRAL CAGE
r = 0.60
emDP ORBIT
r = 0.75
CLOUD RADIUS
r = 0.90
INNER RADIUS
0.375
DECAY STATE
Stable
LIFETIME
~10⁻¹² s